In trial of 106 patients with respiratory failure, immediately post-extubation they were randomized to non-invasive ventilation (for 24 hours) or conventional oxygen. Those in the non-invasive ventilation group were less likely to have respiratory failure at 72 hours (15% vs 48%), and had lower 90 day mortality (11% vs 31%) (where most of the causes of death were due to respiratory failure). A 24 hour trial of non-invasive ventilation post-extubation may reduce respiratory failure and mortality (abstract).
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