In this before-after observational cohort of surgical ICU patients with suspected infection, those that received aggressive antibiotics (started with suspected infection after cultures were sent) had significantly higher adjusted mortality (odds ratio 2.5, CI 1.5 to 4.0) compared to those that received conservative antibiotics (started only after objective confirmation of infection) . The conservative antibiotic group also had a shorter mean duration of therapy, and higher initial appropriate therapy. Conserving antibiotics for only patients with confirmed infection may improve outcomes in surgical ICU patients (abstract)
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